Family Iridaceae (iridaceae)

Iridaceae - a rather large family of monocots, in which there are about 1800 species belonging to 75-80 genera (Plant Life, 1982). The range of this family covers almost all areas of the world except Antarctica, d lshey Arctic and lowland tropical forests. One of the largest centers of origin and speciation consider South Africa. Almost all Iridaceae - perennial grasses, often ephemeroides (plants with short, usually spring period of development), with a fleshy or thin rhizomes, tubers, bulbs. In South Africa, there are evergreen shrubs with branched woody stems up to 0.5 m: vitseniya (Witsenia), Klatt (Klattia) and Niven (Nivenia).

Ensiform leaves, channeled, less linear. Flowers bisexual, perianth corolla simple, three-dimensional, six-membered, with more or less long tube or without it, with the same or different inner and outer portions. Stamens 3, free or fused. Gynoecium (pistil) with a 3 - or 6-lobed column: Ovary inferior, three-celled. Fruit - seeded capsule. Seeds are round, pear-shaped or angular, with or without prisemyannikom.

Iridaceae family includes a variety of flowering plants. Everyone is familiar with such perennials as gladiolus, or gladiolus (Gladiolus), saffron or crocus (Crocus), iris or iris (Iris), and so on are Iridarii klubnelukovichnye, onions and, of course, rhizomatous Iridaceae. All of them are very attractive and are widely used in ornamental horticulture. If rhizomatous plants bloom mostly in the summer, then klubnelukovichnye and bulbs - during the growing season, from early spring to late fall.

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From mid-April melkolukovichnye irises bloom - iridodiktium (Iridodictyum). Species and varieties of saffron bloom in spring and autumn. In May and June blooming bearded irises (Iris Group, which in the outer perianth lobes, the upper (inner) side, there is a longitudinal beard of multicellular hairs). Varieties in this group have a special decorative, they attract to the garden the most visitors. In mid-summer flowering bulbs are pleased English irises - ksifium (Xiphium) and rhizomatous beardless irises (Iris group whose outer perianth lobes naked), and at the end of summer - gladiolus. Until October or November bloom atsidantera (Acidanthera) and Tigridia (Tigridia). All the plants are presented in Iridarii may be recommended for cultivation in the North-West of Russia, if the necessary rules of the crop care.

The proposed list below klubnelukovichnyh, bulbous and rhizomatous plants from test to Iridarii, species are listed in alphabetical order. Russian names are given by the "Flora of the USSR" (Mabuza, 1935).